Applying Process Evaluations in WASH Programs and Beyond: A Practical Guide for Development Programs

This guidance introduces a practical five-step approach for integrating process evaluation into program design and delivery. It helps teams clarify the purpose of their evaluation, describe what good implementation should look like, refine learning questions, identify data sources and indicators, and finalize an analysis plan. The guide is built around simple worksheets that teams can complete as they move through each step, offering a structured way to document decisions, clarify assumptions, and align program teams.

To support practical application, two case studies show how each step can be applied in real programs. These examples walk through completed worksheets, demonstrating how teams can translate concepts into practice and use the five steps to strengthen adaptive learning, implementation quality, and overall program effectiveness across WASH and broader development settings.

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Use it for

Building structured, theory-informed process evaluations that strengthen program quality and learning.

Developed by

This guidance was developed through the CARE–Emory Implementation Science Partnership. The core team leading this collaboration includes Matthew C. Freeman, Jedidiah S. Snyder, Erika Canda, Lilly O’Brien, and Emily Ogutu Awino from Emory University, along with Sara Hoffman, Florence Santos, and Paul Bagtas from CARE. Staff from CARE projects and country offices also played an essential role in shaping this work.

Published Date

2025